System, method and computer program product for subsurface contamination detection and analysis

ABSTRACT

A system, method and computer program product for source area contamination data acquisition, analysis and processing. The present invention leverages and expands direct sensing technology, knowledge and experience to provide detailed, real-time images of subsurface conditions. The latest technologies in sensors, digital processing, computation and 3D visualization are used to enable clients to work with a single contractor who can perform data acquisition, processing and analysis necessary to produce quantifiable, user-friendly 3D maps on a daily basis which can be delivered via the Internet and/or to mobile devices. This allows the owner and site project manager to make timely decisions as they guide investigation, remediation and monitoring efforts.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to the following co-pending U.S. PatentApplications, the contents of which are incorporated herein by referencein their entireties:

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/412,575, entitled “System,Method and Computer Program for Subsurface Contamination Detection andAnalysis,” to Sohl, et al. filed on Sep. 23, 2002, of common assignee tothe present invention;

U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 10/666,547, entitled“Enhanced Subsurface Membrane Interface Probe (MIP),” to Sohi, et al.filed on Sep. 22, 2003, of common assignee to the present invention;

U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 10/666,558, entitled“Enhanced Subsurface Scanning System, Method and Computer ProgramProduct,” to Sohi, et al. filed on Sep. 22, 2003, of common assignee tothe present invention; and

U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 10/666,557, entitled “SmartData Subsurface Data Repository System, Method and Computer ProgramProduct,” to Sohi, et al. filed on Sep. 22, 2003, of common assignee tothe present invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to subsurface area contaminationanalysis systems, and more particularly to a smart data acquisition,processing and analysis tool used in the contamination area assessmentand cleanup decision-making process.

2. Related Art

Large, complex environmentally impaired or contaminated sites presentdifficult and potentially expensive challenges for propercharacterization and cleanup. Often extensive assessment efforts leaveproperty owners and the engineering consultants with more questions thananswers. Equally difficult is ascertaining the level of legal andfinancial liability associated with contaminated sites resulting indelays in restoring properties to economic viability. The two biggestquestions being: “One, what liability does a property owner have as aresult of environmental contamination?” and “Can we realisticallycleanup this site within our budget?”

In today's technological climate, the availability of advanced sensors,telecommunications, computational power and visualization software hasdramatically changed the way information is collected, decisions aremade, and engineering systems are designed. For example, diagnostictools such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) coupled with intelligentdatabases provide radiologists and surgeons with a detailedunderstanding of conditions within the human body prior to invasivesurgery or treatments. Furthermore, coupling real time sensors with highspeed telecommunications enables medical professionals to performsurgery using robotics remotely from as far away as another continent.

The above examples are just a few among the many instances of howtoday's technological advances have changed the medical and scientificcommunity. These examples also significantly change the businesseconomics of diagnosing medical conditions and providing state of theart treatment anywhere in the world, thus leveraging the knowledge andtalent of a small number of experts. A similar concept can be applied tothe assessment and cleanup of environmentally contaminated or impairedproperties. Simply stated, more complete and detailed informationprovided simultaneously to all parties involved in the assessment, riskanalysis, engineering design, and decision-making process of dealingwith contaminated properties, leads to making better decisions, at adecreased risk and lower cost.

Conventionally, the investigation of most environmentally contaminatedsites involves an extended process including the preparation of writtenwork plans by an environmental consultant, approval by a property ownerand regulatory agencies, field investigation, laboratory analyses, andwritten findings of results and recommendations. This process isextremely slow (months to years) and labor intensive. The outcomes aregenerally subject to much questioning resulting in a repetition of theprocess to obtain additional information. The burden of proof placed onthe property owner and the owner's environmental consultant incompetition with the high cost of data acquisition results in anincomplete assessment, increased risk as a result of incompleteinformation, and incorrectly designed and applied cleanup tools.

The problem is compounded by the high cost of data acquisition andcorrelation. Most data are collected by the intrusive sampling of soilcores, groundwater, and vapor from the subsurface using drill rigs anddirect push technology. These processes typically yield 5–30 samples perday for subsequent analysis by field instruments or remote fixedlaboratories. In consideration of the high cost of mobilizing heavyequipment and personnel to collect the samples, budget constraints oftenlimit the total number and amount of samples obtained, and thus thecompleteness of the data set for a particular site.

Furthermore, samples are typically obtained at predetermined locationsand at predetermined depths specified by a presumed level ofunderstanding on the part of the environmental consultant of the fieldgeology. Most often, inadequate consideration is given to modifying thesampling plan based on the actual observed field conditions. Thesefactors compound the limited data set considering any additional samplesrequired to adequately delineate any identified contamination are notincluded in the current budget or work plan.

A third compounding factor in adequately assessing or characterizingproperty with environmental contamination using the present technologyis the difficulty of effectively obtaining samples representative of thecontaminant concentrations. Current soil coring and groundwater samplingdevices work reasonably well in respective ideal geological regions, butare extremely ineffective in regions of complex, heterogeneous soilconditions. Typically, saturated soil regions with large grain sizessuch as sand, and those highly permeable to liquids are difficult torecover using state of the art soil coring tools. In a saturated soilregion with small grain sizes such as clays and silty materials, lowpermeability makes groundwater samples difficult to obtain. An issue inunsaturated soil conditions is that it is difficult to get a full samplerecovery, to prevent the loss of volatile compounds. Again, when samplesfrom predetermined locations and depths are not fully recovered, thedata set suffers and a level of uncertainty increases. [***]

Additional elements that affect the amount and quality of informationobtained during site assessments for contamination include handling andshipping errors created, transportation delays, laboratory handlingerrors and delays, and multiple data formats created by laboratories andvarious site assessment tools. Often times insufficient data is obtainedto address the interaction between geology and chemical contaminantmigration and degradation.

Once data is obtained the data is frequently displayed in incompatibletabular formats or two-dimensional diagrams. These difficult-to-use dataformats result in delays in report preparation, review, and the decisionmaking process. The net result is a slow process, difficult to use, andwith a high level of uncertainty. The slow process becomes the basis forpricing, insuring, and engineering design resulting in expensive,delayed, and ineffective restoration of environmentally damagedproperty.

Therefore, given the above, what is needed is a smart data system,tools, methods and computer program product for source areacontamination data acquisition, analysis and processing that allowsdozens of samples to be collected and analyzed daily, producing detailedvertical profiles that can be made into transects and 3-D images of thesubsurface. Further, the needed system, method and computer programproduct should be low-cost, rugged and accurate to produce repeatableresults when operated by persons of varying degrees of knowledge andskill. The needed system should provide near real-time informationuseful for decision making. The desired system should aggregatecollective value of data obtained on multiple sites to progressivelylower the cost of restoring contaminated properties over time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An exemplary embodiment of a system, method, and computer programproduct for end-to-end environmental data acquisition and deliveryincluding the steps of: a) acquiring environmental subsurface data viadirect reading sensors; b) geo-referencing the data; c) transmitting thedata to a data analysis application server; and d) analyzing the data toobtain information about the data.

In an exemplary method, the data of step (a) can include: one or moredata parameters.

In an exemplary method, the environmental subsurface data relates tochemical and geological attributes of the subsurface.

In an exemplary method, the direct reading sensors of step (a) caninclude: direct sensing technologies; optical sensors; chemical sensors;electromechanical sensors; membrane interface probe (MIP) sensors;advanced MIP sensors; laser induced fluorescence (LIF) sensors;ultraviolet induced fluorescence (UVF) sensors; polymer sensors; orhaloprobe sensors.

In an exemplary method, the where the geo-referencing of the step (b)can include: geo-referencing in at least two dimensions; orgeo-referencing the data to a specific point on the earth's surface.

In an exemplary method, the where the at least two dimensions caninclude: latitude, longitude, altitude, or time.

In an exemplary method, the where the geo-referencing of the step (b)can include: geo-referencing in at least three dimensions.

In an exemplary method, the at least three dimensions can include:latitude, longitude, altitude, or time.

In an exemplary method, the transmitting of step (c) can include:transmitting via the Internet; or transmitting via a wirelesscommunications link.

In an exemplary method, the application server of step (c) can include:an application service provider (ASP).

In an exemplary method, the step (d) can include: storing the data in adatabase; mining the data; calculating the information from the datausing an algorithm; performing visualization processing in at least twodimensions; displaying a graphical visualization of the data; mappingthe data; or displaying in two-dimensional or three-dimensional formatsthe data.

In an exemplary method, the wherein the step (d) can include: refiningraw data into processed data; normalizing the data for variations inacquisition of the data; normalizing for condition of a membrane of amembrane interface probe (MIP); normalizing for variation of actualsubsurface conditions including at least one of chemical concentrationand soil water matrix; determining relative quality efficacy dataincluding determining at least one of: pressure, flow rate, condition ofdetectors, drift, calibration, depth of probe, hydrostatic, and baselinenoise of analytical/electrical system; storing the data; aggregating thedata into aggregate data; determining predictive modeling using theaggregate data; assessing measure of risk using the aggregate data;evaluating risk using the aggregate data; calculating total mass ofchemical compounds; calculating volume of affected soil and groundwater;calculating compound identification, calculating removal costs,performing sensitivity analysis, comparing data of multiple sites.

In an exemplary method, the step of performing a sensitivity analysiscan include: displaying using a “dashboard” type display; and providingresults to at least one of an office device, or a field device.

In an exemplary method, the method further can include: e) posting theinformation on a web site for access by authorized users.

In an exemplary method, the web site can include: a secure Internet Website.

In an exemplary method, the method can further include: e) transmittingthe information over a network to a mobile device. In an exemplarymethod, the network can include: a wireless network.

In an exemplary method, the method further can include: e) aggregatingthe data into a database; f) mining the database; g) determiningpredictive modeling using the aggregate data; h) assessing measure ofrisk using the aggregate data; i) evaluating risk using the aggregatedata; j) providing the user with relative analysis of various sitesbased on at least one of: geological information, and contaminantconditions; and k) storing the data in a database; l) grooming data; m)comparing data to at least one of: historical data, and data from othersites; n) performing datamining; or o) ranking sites.

In an exemplary method, the method further can include: e) transmittingthe information including: i. transmitting the information includingcompleted data analytics via the Internet back to source location fordecision-making and process changes; or ii. transmitting the informationwirelessly to a mobile device to facilitate access via Internetprotocols to the information analyzed from the sensor outputs.

In an exemplary method, the method can further include: f) normalizingthe data for variations in at least one of: acquisition of the data,condition of membrane of a membrane interface probe (MIP), subsurfaceconditions including at least one of chemical concentration and soilwater matrix; or g) determining relative quality efficacy data includingdetermining: pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors, drift,calibration, depth of probe, hydrostatic, or baseline noise ofanalytical/electrical system.

In another exemplary embodiment, a system, method and computer programproduct is set forth where the method of equipping and training licensedoperators to perform sensor data acquisition at remote locations using asmart data system can include the steps of: a) charging a licensedoperator a one-time setup fee to obtain a license to provide sensor dataacquisition services and to obtain training; b) charging the licensedoperator an ongoing subscription fee for access to and use of a smartdata analysis system for transmission of data and data warehousingservices; or c) charging the licensed operator an individual projectfee, wherein the individual project fee varies according to the amountof analytics, display, or customer deliverables required.

In an exemplary method, the method can include transmission of the dataof the step (b) can include: transmitting the data via a software linkto a Web site.

In an exemplary method, the method can include the smart data analysisof the step (b) can include: using computational software including: 2Dvisualization or 3D visualization of geo-referenced direct readingsensor data.

In an exemplary method, the method can include the smart data analysisof the step (b) including: aggregating the data into a comparativedatabase providing the user with relative analysis of various sitesbased on geological and contaminant conditions.

In an exemplary method, the data warehousing services of the step (b)can include: posting and delivering of: an interactive two-dimensionalvisualization; an interactive three-dimensional visualization; andengineering design data; to a Web site.

In an exemplary method, the step (c) can include: delivery of softwareand paper deliverables for each of the projects to at least one of: thelicensed operator; or other clients with licensed access.

In another exemplary embodiment, an enhanced membrane interface probe isset forth. In an exemplary embodiment, a membrane interface probeapparatus can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP) sensor having alarger diameter than a conventional MIP sensor.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can be adapted for directcoupling to larger diameter rod systems.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can allow use of the MIP sensorwith larger capacity push and hammer systems.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can allow use in situationswhere a low sidewall support of the drive rod string exists.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can be adapted to include twoor more permeable membranes.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can include: a membraneinterface probe (MIP) sensor having two or more permeable membranes.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the two ormore permeable membranes are arranged equidistant about a circumferenceof the MIP sensor.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the MIPsensor is operative to improve circumferential sensing and to increaselikelihood of collection of volatile organic mass by the MIP sensor.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the membraneinterface probe apparatus includes a membrane interface probe (MIP)sensor adapted to improve watertight integrity by including underseacabling electrical couplings and O-ring mechanical couplings.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the MIP is amodular membrane interface probe (MIP) apparatus including: a modularmembrane interface probe (MIP) sensor constructed from a plurality ofmodular components allowing field serviceable replacement of anymalfunctioning components of the plurality of modular components.

In an exemplary system, the modular MIP is disclosed including: anexternal barrel having a cavity; or (or throughout means and/or, i.e., alogical or operation) an inner core barrel assembly field-insertableinto the cavity having a heater cavity, where the heater cavity isadapted to receive a field-insertable removable cartridge heatingelement.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the modularMIP apparatus can include a removable conductivity nose assembly.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the MIPapparatus includes a field-insertable removable cartridge heatingelement.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the modularMIP apparatus can include a waterproof electrical connector and/or ano-ring seal.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the membraneinterface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP)sensor including a removable trap directly into the probe for thecollection and concentration of volatile organic compounds.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theremovable trap enables detection of lower levels of concentration of thevolatile organic compound, and specific identification of compoundsthrough post run chromatographic analysis.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the MIPfurther can include: providing for calibration of the MIP sensor usingchromatographic methods.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the MIP canfurther include means for simultaneous trapping and concentrating ofvolatile organic compounds during MIP sampling and logging events.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where a membraneinterface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP)sensor including a heated transfer line from a body of the MIP sensor toa surface detector suite minimizing loss of volatile organic compoundsin a cold transfer line.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where a membraneinterface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP)sensor including an enhanced scanning solutions module, and a sampleintroduction system adapted to reduce overall equipment footprint andcost; to introduce calibration gases; and to allow for simultaneoussampling of volatile organic gas stream for immediate chromatographicanalysis.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where a membraneinterface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP)sensor including a global positioning system (GPS) receiver integratedwith a data acquisition system adapted to allow simultaneousgeo-referencing of sampling points with sample data.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where a membraneinterface probe system can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP)sensor including a mobile device in wireless communication with a dataacquisition system enabling near real-time transfer of data from the MIPsensor to a base station.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the mobiledevice can include a graphical display and control module adapted tooperate the data acquisition system operation.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where the mobiledevice is portable.

In an exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed including a flow control subsystem; a detector subsystemcoupled to the flow control subsystem; a dryer/moisture separatorsubsystem coupled to the flow control subsystem; a sampling subsystemcoupled to the flow control subsystem; a software control subsystemcoupled to the flow control subsystem, the detector subsystem, thedryer/moisture separator subsystem, or the sampling subsystem.

In an exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed where the sampling subsystem can include: a sample loop; anabsorbent trap; and a gas chromatography injection port.

In an exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed where the module further include an exhaust; a pneumaticsupply; a power supply; a bypass module; a feedback signal; or apressure control subsystem.

In another exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed where the enhanced scanning solutions module can include: adetector subsystem; a sampling subsystem; a software control subsystemcoupled to the detector subsystem, and the sampling subsystem.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module furtherincludes a dryer/moisture separator subsystem coupled to the softwarecontrol subsystem.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module caninclude the sampling subsystem including: a sample loop; an absorbenttrap; a gas chromatography injection port.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module furtherincludes: an exhaust; a pneumatic supply; a power supply; a bypassmodule; a feedback signal; or pressure control subsystem.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module caninclude on-the-fly reconfigurability, and can further include: aplurality of operator-selectable modes.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module canfurther include: a plurality of pre-programmable operating modes thatinteractively reconfigures to perform any of a plurality of functions,subject to particular conditions.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module canfurther include: an interface between the detector subsystem and a gashandling subsystem allowing insertion of: a sample, another detector, aflowpath, a flow path rate, a dryer, an exhaust, a feedback, or a trap.

In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module, thesoftware control subsystem can include: a data logger; a sequencer; avalve control system; a monitor; a display; or a recording function.

Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as thestructure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention,are described in detail below with reference to the accompanyingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various exemplary features and advantages of the invention will beapparent from the following, more particular description of exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings wherein like reference numbers generally indicate identical,functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The leftmost digits in the corresponding reference number indicate the drawingin which an element first appears.

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagram illustratingan environmental data acquisition and delivery process according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagram illustrating abusiness process according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary window or screenshot, generated by a graphical user interface (GUI) of the presentinvention, showing a remediation foot print of a site;

FIG. 4A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a high level schematicdiagram illustrating a membrane interface probe (MIP) significantlyredesigned according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed level schematicdiagram illustrating a membrane interface probe (MIP) significantlyredesigned according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, having a cross-sectional view of an exemplary modular MIPincluding two cross-sections and a sector cross-section;

FIG. 4C depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed level schematicdiagram illustrating a membrane interface probe (MIP) significantlyredesigned, and illustrating an inner core barrel assembly having O-Ringgrooves, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4D depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed level schematicdiagram illustrating an exemplary external barrel assembly of anenhanced membrane interface probe (MIP) significantly redesignedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagram of anexemplary computer system useful for implementing the present invention;

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a workflow process accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an overall smart data systemprocess according to the present invention;

FIG. 8A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a MIP system including a MIPprobe, a controller, a detector and a data acquisition module accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 8B depicts an exemplary embodiment of an improved MIP systemincluding an enhanced MIP probe, a controller, an enhanced scanningsolutions module detector system, data acquisition module, and anenhanced smart data system according to the present invention;

FIG. 9A depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of aconventional detection system according to the present invention;

FIG. 9B depicts a high level diagram illustrating an exemplaryembodiment of an enhanced scanning solutions module according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 9C depicts a more detailed version of an exemplary embodiment ofexemplary enhanced scanning solutions functionality according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 10A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a system hardwarearchitecture providing an exemplary enhanced smart data analysisclient-server system according to the present invention;

FIG. 10B depicts an exemplary embodiment of an application serviceprovider (ASP) embodiment of an exemplary embodiment of the enhancedsmart data analysis system including exemplary subsystem modulesaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary self-containedportable sensor system according to the present invention;

FIG. 12A depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of theSmart database system according to the present invention;

FIG. 12B depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofoutput from the Smart database system according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 12C depicts a graphical user interface of a browser illustrating anexemplary embodiment of a web logon window of a Demo Corporationproviding access to the Smart database system according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 12D depicts a graphical user interface of a browser illustrating anexemplary embodiment of a web window depicting exemplary deliverablesfor a Manufacturing Facility of a Demo Corporation providing access tographical renderings on the Smart database system according to thepresent invention; and

FIG. 12E depicts a graphical user interface of a browser illustrating anexemplary embodiment of a browser window depicting exemplary selectabledeliverables according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is discussed in detailbelow. While specific exemplary embodiments are discussed, it should beunderstood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A personskilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components andconfigurations can be used without parting from the spirit and scope ofthe invention. The present invention meets the above-identified needs byproviding a system, method and computer program product for source areacontamination data acquisition, analysis and processing.

The method and computer program product of the present invention allowclients to reap the benefits of recent advances in sensor technology,rapid computational analysis and wireless data delivery to more quicklyand reliably: create a diagnostic image of the hydrogeology andcontamination under a site, assess the transaction and health risks of aproperty, avoid downstream costs, and complete a transaction or closefiles on a site in a shorter amount of time than conventionallypossible. The smart data process is capable of collecting far more dataper day than conventional approaches, provides data in near real-timethat can be used to make timely decisions, and provides the data ineasy-to-use formats.

In an exemplary embodiment, the smart data system is utilized toexpedite the reliable characterization of the subsurface. Siteassessments can be more effectively accomplished because the smart dataproduced by the present invention are of higher resolution so fewerinterpretive mistakes will be made, are available immediately, and canbe processed and mapped on a daily basis. Thus, results can be used todirect the next day's activities. The smart data system according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention can also dramaticallyreduce the costs of remediation because the system provides a morefocused picture of the chemical occurrences relative to sitehydrogeology.

In an exemplary embodiment, the smart data system includes a databasefor storing aggregate data collected from multiple sites. In anexemplary embodiment, the smart data system takes raw data, accumulatesdata from the MIP system, from gas chromatographic analysis, fromgeographic position, from other sensors, and other data sets. The smartdata system can process raw data to refine the data, can normalize forvariations in acquisition, and can perform quality assurance analysis onthe data.

The processing to normalize for variations can, e.g., compensate fordrift in performance or condition of the membrane, and for variationsactual subsurface conditions such as, e.g., chemical concentration, andthe soil water matrix. Processing can include analysis of the relativequality and efficacy of the data. The processing system can analyze andaccount for variations in pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors(can account for drift and can calibrate, e.g., using a tracer gas),depth of the probe (hydrostatic), and in the baseline noise due to theanalytical/electrical system.

The data can be mined and processed including, e.g., use of 3Dvisualization technology, and can be delivered in near real-time to thefield for access by field personnel via, e.g., an application serviceprovider (ASP), a web-based interface, and wireless device access. Videocan be used to illustrate changes over time.

Data can be aggregated from multiple sites, and can be used as apredictive measure of risk and performance.

I. Overview

The present invention provides a system, method and computer programproduct for source area contamination data acquisition, analysis andprocessing.

Organizations including property owners, lending institutions, insuranceunderwriters, and consulting engineers—see lower costs, shorter projectcycle times, and an acceleration of regulatory and financialunderwriting approvals.

As mentioned above, traditional environmental investigation and cleanupeconomics have been driven by the high cost and delays of dataacquisition. This leads to poorly designed and expensive engineeringapproaches and ineffective cleanup. The smart data tool of the presentinvention provides ten to a hundred times more data at a fraction of thetime and costs. More critically, smart data analysis, presentation andreporting services turn this data into high-impact, decision orientedinformation with a net benefit of 30–50% lower cost for the propertyowners and a better quality outcome, more quickly.

The present invention provides multiple levels of value creation:

-   -   Property Owners—lower cost of investigation and cleanup, faster        cycle time, & lower insurance costs;    -   Consulting Engineers—10 to 100 times more data which results in        more effective cleanup at lower cost;    -   Insurance Underwriters—more detailed information which results        in less uncertainty and risk;    -   Service Partners—significant increase in sales at higher margin;        and    -   Strategic Sponsors—access to a large number of highly qualified        service providers of cutting-edge technology.

In addition, the present invention's approach substantially lowers theuncertainty associated with environmental characteristics of a property.This, in turn, accelerates property transactions and lowers the premiumsfor environmental insurance. Research into this market driver indicatesthat 40 to 60% of environmental insurance premiums and escrowrequirements stem from uncertainty in the environmental assessment. Thesmart data provides a comprehensive quantification and easily understood3-D representation of the environmental conditions (see FIG. 3), whichsubstantially increases the clarity and visibility of potentialproblems, improves decisions, and lowers risk.

The present invention is now described in more detail herein in terms ofthe above examples. This is for convenience only and is not intended tolimit the application of the present invention. In fact, after readingthe following description, it will be apparent to one skilled in therelevant art(s) how to implement the following invention in alternativeembodiments. For example, the present invention can be used for thein-site performance monitoring of remediation of volatile organiccompounds by combining in-situ sensors, geo-referenced positioning,wireless transfer of data to a base station, transfer of data via theInternet, computational software, and display on an interactive website.

The present invention can also be used to acquire large amounts ofgeo-referenced data on the chemical and physical parameters of inlandwater bodies. This data can in turn be used to monitor biologicalecosystems, environmental contamination, and compliance with dischargerequirements for ships and vessels.

II. System Operation

A. Process

The method and computer program product of the present invention employsa unique end-to-end process of environmental data acquisition anddelivery as illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 depicts in an exemplaryembodiment, an exemplary process in which one or more of the followingsteps can be performed:

1. Acquisition of data parameters using direct reading sensors in-situ.

2. Geo-referencing each data parameter to a specific point on theearth's surface so as to generate a geographically referenced sensorarray as shown in step 102.

3. Transmission of the data parameters via, e.g., one or morecommunications network link such as, e.g., wireless communication linkas shown in step 104, and transmission over a network such as, e.g., theInternet as shown in step 106 to a database at, e.g., an ApplicationService Provider (ASP), for analysis and display, making use ofcommunications links and storage for later access and query in adatabase via a database interface as shown in step 108.

Performance of data analytics and processing including calculations,visualization in graphic formats, mapping, and display intwo-dimensional and three-dimensional formats, making use ofanalytical/computational software as shown in step 110, and creatinginteractive 2D, 3D, and n-D (such as, e.g., time-lapsed video) visualoutputs as shown in step 112. Additional calculations can also include,e.g., total mass of chemical compounds, volume of affected soil andgroundwater, compound identification, removal costs, and/or sensitivityanalysis using a “dashboard” type display. In an exemplary embodiment,the smart data system can include a database for storing raw data,analyzed data, and aggregate data collected from multiple sites. Thereader is referred to, e.g., FIGS. 1, 8B, 10B, and 12A, for a moredetailed discussion regarding the smart data system according to thepresent invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the smart data system cantake raw data, such as, e.g., accumulating data from the MIP system,from gas chromatographic analysis, from geographic position, from othersensors, and from other data sets. The smart data system can process rawdata to refine the data, can normalize for variations in acquisition,and can perform quality assurance analysis on the data. The processingto normalize for variations can, e.g., compensate for drift inperformance or condition of the membrane, and for variations actualsubsurface conditions such as, e.g., chemical concentration, and thesoil water matrix. Processing can include analysis of the relativequality and efficacy of the data. The processing system can analyze andaccount for variations in pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors(can account for drift and can calibrate, e.g., using a tracer gas),depth of the probe (hydrostatic), and in the baseline noise due to theanalytical/electrical system. The data can be mined and processedincluding, e.g., use of 3D visualization technology from step 112, andcan be delivered in steps 114, 116, 118 in near real-time to the fieldfor access by field personnel via, e.g., an application service provider(ASP), a web-based browser interface, and a wired or wirelesscommunication device access. Video can be used to illustrate changesover time.

4. The aggregation of data into a comparative database, making use ofthe database interface as shown in step 108, and providing the user withrelative analysis of various sites based on geological and contaminantconditions, including interactive display as shown in step 114. Data canbe aggregated from multiple sites, and can be used as a predictivemeasure of risk and performance.

5. Posting of the completed data analytics for interactive access via,e.g., a secure Internet Web site, and for viewing by approvedindividuals, can be provided as also shown in step 114.

6. Transmissions of the completed data analytics via, e.g., theInternet, back to the source location for decision-making and processchanges, can be provided as shown in step 116.

7. The use of wireless communication devices to facilitate connection ofthe sensor outputs to the Internet can be provided in an exemplaryembodiment as shown in steps 104, 118. Of course a wired communicationslink can be used to the extent that such a link is available.

B. Business Process

In an exemplary embodiment, an entity may utilize a business process toimplement and offer for sale services utilizing the smart data system,method and computer program product of the present invention. Anexemplary embodiment of this business process is illustrated in FIG. 2including performing one or more of the following steps:

1. Equipping and training licensed operators (“users”) 202 to performsensor data acquisition at remote locations using the smart data system.These operators, in an exemplary embodiment, can pay a one-time setup toobtain a license and training; an ongoing subscription fee for access tothe present invention's analytical software and data warehousingservices; and/or individual project fees, which can vary according tothe amount of analytics, display, and customer deliverables required.The licensed operators 202 can provide data acquisition and transmissionservices for a fee, or for a share in revenues.

2. Transmission of the data through a software link to a Web siteoperated by the entity can be provided as shown using a proprietarysoftware link 208, in an exemplary embodiment.

3. Data analysis by the entity using computational software according tothe methodology of the present invention can be performed as shown bylicensor 204. In an exemplary embodiment, the data can be analyzed usinganalytical software. In another exemplary embodiment, an applicationservice provider (ASP) model may be employed as shown, and as discussedfurther below, with reference to FIG. 10B. The services of the ASP canbe used in exchange for a fee paid to the ASP, in an exemplaryembodiment. The fee can be a one time fee, a periodic fee, a bundledfee, and/or a subscription fee.

4. The aggregation of data into a comparative database such as, e.g.,the Columbia Technologies' Environmental Comparables Knowledgebase (ECK)available from Columbia Technologies, LLC of Halethorpe, Md., U.S.A.,providing the user with relative analysis of various sites based ongeological and contaminant conditions can be performed by licensor 204.

5. Posting and delivery of interactive two-dimensional andthree-dimensional visualizations (such as, e.g., those shown in FIG. 3in 3D visualization 300 having one dimension in the x-directionrepresented by x-axis 308, another dimension in the y-directionrepresented by y-axis 314, another dimension in the z-directionrepresented by z-axis 306) and key engineering design data to aninteractive Web site 206 can be operated by the entity and can beperformed by licensor 204. The visualizations and data can be accessedvia a browser as shown in 210 using, e.g., an Internet browser, and/or ahyper text markup language (HTML) link, for example. The visualizationscan include, e.g., as shown in FIG. 3, geo-referenced locations on a 3Dspatial map indicating from where the MIP probe samples were obtained.Color-coding may be employed as indicated in color band indicator 310.Geographic information system renderings, trans-sections, 360 degreefly-around movies, volumetric calculations, 3D surface area contourmapping, 3D videos of a contaminant plume vs. a ground water (GW) well,graphical comparisons of a GW samples to continuous sensor profile maybe employed as methods of displaying the data.

6. Delivery of software, visual displays, engineering data, and paperdeliverables for each project to licensed clients 206 and/or otherclients with licensed access.

C. Enhanced Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a MembraneInterface Probe (MIP) available from GEOPROBE SYSTEMS, INC. of Salina,Kans., USA and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,956, (the '956 patent)the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety, can be used as part of the smart data system to transportvolatile organic compounds from the geological subsurface to the surfacefor measurement using chemical detectors. An exemplary embodiment of animproved MIP 402 is described below with reference to FIGS. 4A–4D. TheMIP described in the '956 patent can include a dipole electricalconductivity sensor 410 for the measurement of conductivity in-situ asan indicator of soil grain size. The probe may be driven or hammeredinto the geological subsurface using hydraulic or pneumatic reactionweight or hammers.

FIG. 4A depicts, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, aMIP 400 enhanced to include a number of useful features. Of course, inalternative exemplary embodiments of the present invention, MIP 400 canbe modified to include any combination of a number of useful featuresoutlined below. For example, in an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, the MIP 400 can be significantly redesigned and enhanced toincorporate one or more of the following advantageous features asdepicted in FIG. 4A.

1. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include an outerbarrel assembly 402, which can include a larger diameter probe(2.125-inches) as illustrated in diagram 400 of FIG. 4 thanconventionally available for direct coupling to larger diameter rods403. The large diameter rods 403 can significantly increase the yieldstrength of the drive rod string allowing for the rods' use withstronger push/hammer systems and in situations where there is lowsidewall support of the drive rod string.

2. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP probe 400 can beredesigned in a modularized in removable, multi-subsystem,field-replaceable fashion as shown in 4A–4D. As shown, MIP 400 caninclude the external barrel assembly 402 depicted in detail in FIG. 4D,including a cavity into which can be tightly coupled an inner corebarrel assembly 404, which is depicted in greater detail in FIG. 4C. Theinner core barrel assembly 404 can be fashioned to receive a fieldreplaceable cartridge heater element 406. The heater 406 is used to heatthe zone around membranes 408, described further below. MIP 400 is alsoenhanced to include various external watertight connections 412.Watertight connections 412 include various components taken fromunderwater cabling applications. The watertight connections 412 includebulkhead electrical connector 410, inline electrical connector 414 andsplice 416. Bulkhead electrical connector 410 can be a SEA CONLSG-6-BC-HP, and inline electrical connector 414 can be a SEA CONRMG-6-FS inline connector, both available from SEA CON Brantner &Associates Inc., of San Diego, Calif., USA. Also shown are externalvapor connections, including gas vapor subassembly 422 and inlet andoutlet gas ferrell connections 424. The MIP 400 is enhanced to include aremovable conductivity probe nose assembly 418 having dipoles 426 andthread 428 as well as cap screws 430 holding the nose assembly 418 inplace when coupled to the outer barrel assembly 402. Diagram 460 of FIG.4D includes a detailed level schematic diagram illustrating an exemplaryexternal barrel assembly lengthwise cross-section (top), sidecross-section A—A (middle left) of an exemplary three permeable membraneembodiment, a sector cross-section of an o-ring port at an exemplarypermeable membrane (detail A), and a exterior view of an exemplarypermeable membrane (bottom middle) and detail B, of enhanced MIP 400.

3. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include anincreased number (two or more) of permeable membranes 408 as compared toconventional MIP probes such as the single permeable membrane 408 shownin the '956 patent. As illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of FIG.4A, two or more permeable membranes 408, such as, e.g., three (408 a,408 b, 408 c as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B) to provide for greatercircumferential sensing and the potential for double, triple, or moretimes as much volatile organic mass to be collected by the probe 402 ineach given time period. In the exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 4B,permeable membranes 408 a, 408 b, and 408 c can provide improvedcircumferential coverage than conventional versions of MIP probes 400.Diagram 440 of FIG. 4B illustrates and exemplary embodiment includingexemplary manufacturing tolerances and a cross-section of the enhancedMIP probe 400. Diagram 440, in an exemplary embodiment includes twocross-sections illustrating exemplary vapor connecting ports (on theleft middle) and an exemplary tri-permeable membrane embodiment (labeledsite detail A, on the right middle) of the present invention, and asector cross-section illustrating an exemplary O-ring port (labeledDetail A) and single permeable membrane. This increase in mass flow cansignificantly improve detection capability of the probe 400 overpredecessor probes. For example, with 3 gas permeable membranes insteadof 1, can yield triple the mass transfer into the probe. O-ring port 420can accommodate an O-ring such as, e.g., MS16142 O-Ring available fromPARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION, O-Ring Division, of Lexington, Ky., U.S.A.The inner core barrel assembly 404 as shown in FIG. 4C is made toreceive the heater element 406, allowing for expansion. FIG. 4C depictsdiagram 450, in an exemplary embodiment, including a side view (atbottom), and two cross-sections A—A (middle), and B—B (top),respectively, illustrating the inner core barrel assembly 404 havingO-Ring grooves for gas passages, where the O-rings serve to seal the gaspassages.

4. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include anincorporated watertight integrity through a major redesign of the probebody and mechanical couplings 424 and electrical couplings 410, 411, 416because water intrusion has been identified as a major contributor topremature probe failure.

5. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include asimpler design to allow for field repairs and replacement of individualcomponents (e.g., the heater system 416). Currently, failure of anycomponent of conventional probes require complete replacement of theprobe increasing the cost of operation and delay. As noted above, thevarious modules and subsystems of enhanced probe 400 allow fieldreplacement of failing components.

6. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeintegrating small removable traps directly into the probe for thecollection and concentration of volatile organic compounds. Theremovable trap feature can allow for lower (better) detection levels ofcompounds as well as the specific identification of compounds throughpost run chromatographic analysis.

7. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeincorporating a heated transfer line from the probe body to the surfacedetector suite to minimize the current loss of volatile organiccompounds in the cold transfer line. As shown, the probe can have acustom heater element 406 with a through conductor and ground conductor.A heater cartridge insert 406 can be provided.

8. In another exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include adetector suite, and sample introduction system specifically configuredfor the MIP application. This feature can reduce the overall equipmentfootprint and cost; allow for the introduction of calibration/tracergases; and allow for the simultaneous sampling of the volatile organicgas stream for immediate chromatographic analysis. See FIGS. 9A and 9Bbelow and the discussion with reference to these figures of the enhancedscanning solutions module.

9. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include anintegrated global positioning system (GPS) receiver along with the dataacquisition system to allow for simultaneous positioning of samplingpoints with the sample data for the volatile organic compounds. A smartintegrated GPS probe can allow easier closely integrated geo-referencingof captured sample data.

10. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 caninclude integrating a wireless data transfer communication device withthe data acquisition system to allow for near real time transfer of datato a base station for subsequent analysis and display. In an exemplaryembodiment, the wireless data transfer communication device can includetransceiver hardware for wireless transmission. A communicationsprotocol software application suite stack can accompany the transceiverhardware feature to provide various functions. In an exemplaryembodiment, the wireless communications device can be compliant with anIEEE standard 802.11 wireless local area network. In another exemplaryembodiment, other wireless hardware and software protocols can be usedsuch as, e.g., ultrawideband (UWB), cellular, global system for mobiletelephone (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (FDMA), cellular digital packet data(CDPD), or other wireless protocols and technologies.

11. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeproviding for a mobile computing/communications device that can be in anexemplary embodiment, handheld, and can include a graphical display andcontrol module for system operation and data acquisition. The mobilecomputing/communications device feature enhances the operator's mobilityduring field sampling events. In one exemplary embodiment, the mobiledevice can be a portable device such as, e.g., the self-containedportable sensor system illustrated in FIG. 11.

12. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeproviding for the simultaneous trapping and concentration of volatileorganic compounds during MIP sampling and logging events. Thesimultaneous trapping and concentration of volatile compounds can allowfor near real-time specific identification of the volatile organiccompounds detected.

13. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeproviding for calibration of the probe system using chromatographicmethods such as internal standards.

D. Project Management

Capabilities:

-   -   Web Interface    -   User-based access levels    -   Maintain multiple projects    -   Maintain Project History    -   Create new projects    -   Upload files    -   Communicate with field computer in real-time

The solution to the challenges mentioned above is an intelligent projectmaintenance, data acquisition and analysis process. The process of thepresent invention can be done by combining a variety of technologies andprocedures in a novel manner. A complete solution spans from projectmaintenance to final result presentation. No such solutionconventionally exists prior to the present invention.

Project maintenance is available through a Web interface. This interfaceallows the project manager to create new jobs and to upload projectinformation for distribution to field computers using technologies suchas, e.g., wireless communications links. The web interface can alsoserve as a centralized project plan (“project central”) for the projectmanagers. At the web interface, the project managers can follow theprogress of a job on an up-to-the-minute basis, allowing the projectmanagers to make critical changes and adjustments to the project plan ina real-time environment. Changes made to the project plan can beimmediately propagated into the field via communications links to mobiledevices such as wireless field computers. Project managers can maintainan infinite number of projects simultaneously through the web interface.

A main feature of the web interface can include a status “dashboard”which can display to the project manager exactly how the project isproceeding at a glance. The system can also include email notificationstriggered by project changes where the email notifications can be putinto effect, alerting the project manager of changes. Field personnelcan also communicate problems and request replacement parts through theweb interface, making the web interface the complete solution for remoteproject maintenance.

E. Sensor and its Connection to the Field Computer

Capabilities:

-   -   Web Interface

To fill the need for more complete information at the point of sampling,project information can be accessible in the field on a mobile device,such as, e.g., a wireless handheld computer. Information such as sitemaps can be available to the operator of the mobile device at the touchof a button. This information can also be remotely updated by theproject manager using the web interface. The field operator can alsomake ad hoc changes to the project on-the-fly as needed. These changeswill be transmitted back to the project management site where an alertcan be issued to the project manager. The ability to make fielddecisions without loosing project plan cohesiveness is a vital componentof a complete solution.

During the data collections process, the operator can be guided by thefield computer that serves as an expert system, conveying “bestpractices” to any operator regardless of experience. The operator canhave full access to all site information including the locations of theproposed sampling points. The advanced sensor equipment can interface tothe field computer during the collections process, providing visualfeedback and data storage/retrieval.

F. Link to Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Receiver

Capabilities:

-   -   Sub-meter accuracy    -   Altitude    -   Communications through standard personal computer (PC)        communications ports (COM (RS-232 serial), LPT (parallel), USB        (universal serial bus))    -   Streaming location data

During the data collections phase, the field computer can also be linkedto a global positioning system (GPS) antenna. The GPS can allow thefield operator to accurately locate any predefined locations that arepart of the pre-loaded site plan. Of course alternative locationpositioning systems can be used using conventional approaches such as,e.g., triangulation, and satellite transmitter location systems. The GPScan also provide the ability to adjust locations due to unexpectedobstacles without losing location accuracy in the final output. The GPScapability can also negate the need for the site to be surveyed by a 3rdparty, as is conventionally the norm absent the present invention, thusproviding time and cost reductions to the overall process. The GPS datacan be transmitted along with all collected data as a complete package.The packaged information can then be incorporated in the “dashboard” onthe web interface to show progress.

By providing altitude information along with geographic two-dimensional(2D) coordinates, topography can be added to the three-dimensional (3D)images, resulting in a more “realistic” picture of the site and itsbelow-ground behavior. An exemplary 3D visualization rendering isprovided from an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 3of the present invention.

G. Data Transmission Process

Capabilities:

-   -   Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) POST    -   HTTP GET    -   Transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)    -   Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)    -   File transfer protocol (FTP)

Data can be transmitted via a communications network 1004 as shown inFIG. 10A. The data can be transmitted over a wireless communicationslink where available. If wireless access is not available, the systemcan equally connect to the main system via any conventional methodincluding, e.g., a dialup connection, or other direct network connectionwith accompanying protocol communications software applications suite.Due to the various wireless communications technologies available, aone-size-fits-all approach is not desirable. The solution in anexemplary embodiment of the present invention, includes a comprehensiveopen software international (OSI) layer 4, transport layer TCP built ona standards-based protocol suite to utilize the inherent capabilities ofwhatever wireless device and network is being used. The OSI layer 2,link layer, such as Ethernet, or other media access control (MAC)protocols can therefore be largely ignored and thus can make theapproach of the present invention largely immune to changingtechnologies. The transport protocol layer is based on standard Internetprotocols, the transmission control program (TCP). Since pushcapabilities do not exist on all data networks, polling by the fieldcomputer can be employed as a means to acquire updated information fromthe main system.

H. Database

Capabilities:

-   -   Relational Database    -   Support for standard structured query language (SQL) query tools    -   Support for open database connectivity (ODBC) compliant        databases    -   Scalability

Once new data has been transmitted to the main system, the data can bestored in the database under its parent project. All data can beorganized in a parent/child relationship. (Customer->Project->Data)

I. Analysis

Capabilities:

-   -   Modular    -   Remove Baseline Drifts    -   Normalize data between samples    -   Output to Database    -   Multi-pass analysis for “smoothing” of results    -   Pattern recognition    -   Cross Analysis with external data    -   Site, Geology, and Chemistry Comparisons    -   Risk Evaluation and Assessment

Analysis of the data can occur when sufficient amounts of data have beencollected. This process can be governed by a user-defined setting in theproject and can be stored in the database. The field operator can alsorequest seatrain types of analysis to be made on-the-fly, to guide thedecision making process. Depending on the type of data collected, anumber of data “normalization” processes can be executed. Thenormalization processes can be designed to correct data for suchanomalies such as, e.g., “drifting baseline,” “change in temperature,”“peak to baseline height,” “conductivity,” and “atmospheric pressure.”The normalization processes can produce more accurate results and can bea vital step in the process. Not normalizing results can lead to avarying degree of confidence and thus can create an environment wherethe findings could be misleading.

The normalization process can use historical data for reference and canthus become more accurate with a larger number of samples.

3D analyses can include volumetric probability calculations like“kriging” and surface area contour mapping. All analyzed data can bestored in the database under the parent project and can be added to the“dashboard” for comparative analysis by the project manager. Onceanalysis of the data has been completed the project manager can have anew set of tools available through the web interface. Using these toolssuch questions as “How much overburden must be removed to reach thesource area?” can be answered.

The analysis process takes into account all relevant informationprovided in the project. To gain further refinement of the results, theproject manager can upload such information as ground water tables andgeological data. The project manager can “force” new analysis at anytime to include newly uploaded information.

J. 3-Dimensional Visualization, Display

Capabilities:

-   -   Display volumetric data in form of “plumes”    -   Transparency of objects    -   Overlay computer aided design (CAD) drawings and other        geographic information system (GIS) file formats    -   Calculate volume and mass    -   Drill-down information popup    -   Convex hull grid    -   North directional arrow    -   Overview window (birds-eye view)    -   Custom selectable colors    -   Coloring based on confidence    -   Object-based editing    -   Image output in, e.g., BMP, JPG, TIF extension image formats

The project manager can select a number of “pre-defined” 3Dvisualizations, graphics, outputs through the web interface. Thesestandard “views” can be produced automatically by the 3D modelingsoftware once the analysis process is complete. The views can then bemade available to the project manager through the web interface. Anotheroption available to the project manager can be to have an expert producecustom “views” from the data collected. The expert can use a speciallydesigned graphical user interface (GUI) to produce 3D objects from thedata produced by the analysis process. The GUI can provide an easy andfast environment in which the expert can drag and drop visual elementsonto the “presentation screen” to accomplish tasks. Each object can havea number of behaviors or properties. After being added to thepresentation screen the expert can manipulate the output through thesecapabilities.

The interface can allow the expert to create “screen shots” of thepresentation screen at any time. These screen shots can be saved as bothimages (e.g., bitmaps) and “presentation objects” which can bemanipulated in 3D. These 3D objects can be rotated and zoomed using aviewer, but can only be altered by the expert. This can provide a verypowerful way to distribute 3D images as it allows the end user to finetune the view and to insure visibility of vital information.

The 3D modeling system can also produce high quality movies in all majorformats (e.g., MPEG, AVI, MOV, etc.). Output can be providedelectronically over the web, or on a compact disk-read only memory(CD-ROM) or digital versatile disk (DVD) depending on user preference.

K. Interactive Presentation

Capabilities:

-   -   Server/client communication over TCP/IP    -   Real-time remote manipulation    -   Save data on both server and client    -   Permission based Client manipulation    -   Read Database through ODBC    -   ActiveX    -   Support 56 kps connection speed    -   Object inventory based on available data    -   Multiple clients connecting to one server    -   Multiple client screen resolutions shown on server    -   Client Connection dashboard on sever

A vital part of the 3D modeling process is the interaction by the enduser. Through a live interface between the end user's “client software”and the expert's “server software,” the end user can play an active rolein the creation of the final product. The link between the two systemscan run over a TCP/IP connection. The end user can see the same screenoutput as viewed by the expert and can have the ability to manipulatethe objects on the screen to insure a collaborative result. The expertcan be responsible for the introduction of new screen elements such asgrid line and contamination plumes. Each resulting “screen shot” can besaved in the customer's inbox and can be immediately available on theend user's system as well. This data can now be available for view andre-distribution at any time by the end user. Information about theproduced screen shots can be saved in the database and can become thebasis for billing.

L. Mobile Device—Handheld Mobile Computer

The mobile device, also referred to as a field computer, serves a numberof purposes. First and foremost it is the link between the collecteddata and the main system, but it is also a tool to be used by the fieldoperator. It includes guides and “best practices” approaches to fieldoperations. Through the 3D feedback mechanism, the operator will havevisibility of the results from the analysis and 3D modeling right in thefield. The analysis data will be returned timely enough to be used inthe selection of the next sample location, thus giving the operator theadvantage of only addressing locations that are deemed vital to theresults.

Analyses returned to the field computer include “next location”suggestions along with calibration information produced by thenormalization process. The ability to make field decisions in real-timeis a great time and cost saver. Examples of the field computer caninclude any mobile device such as, e.g., a desktop, notebook, laptop,subnotebook, tablet or handheld personal computers (PCs), or personaldigital assistants (PDAs). The field computer 500 a in an exemplaryembodiment, can be in wireless communication with a base stationcomputer 500 b (collectively computers 500). In an exemplary embodiment,the mobile device 500 a can communicate with the base station computerdevice 500 b using any of a number of well known wireless communicationssoftware protocols, transceiver hardware, networks and communicationslink technologies such as, e.g., an Infrared Data Association(IrDA)-compliant wireless technology, or a short range radio frequency(RF) technology such as, e.g., a Bluetooth-compliant wirelesstechnology, an IEEE standard 802.11-compliant wireless local areanetwork (LAN) such as, e.g., an IEEE standard 802.11a, b, or g, wirelessLAN, a Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP)-compliant wirelesstechnology, a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)-compliant wireless technology,or an ultra wide band (UWB) wireless technology network. Although mobiledevice 500 a and base station computer device 500 b have been describedas coupled to one another, the devices 500 a,b need not be directlyconnected to one another, and can instead by coupled by any of variousconventional physical network technologies such as, e.g., routers,bridges, gateways, transceivers, antennae and cables.

III Example Implementations

The present invention (or any part(s) or function(s) thereof) may beimplemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may beimplemented in one or more computer systems or other processing systems.In fact, in one exemplary embodiment, the invention is directed towardone or more computer systems capable of carrying out the functionalitydescribed herein. An example of a computer system 500 is shown in FIG.5. FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagram of anexemplary computer system useful for implementing the present invention.Specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates an example computer 500 in a preferredembodiment is a personal computer (PC) system running an operatingsystem such as, e.g., Windows 98/2000/XP, Linux, Solaris, OS/2, Mac/OS,or UNIX. However, the invention is not limited to these platforms.Instead, the invention can be implemented on any appropriate computersystem running any appropriate operating system, such as Solaris, Irix,Linux, HPUX, OSF, Windows 98, Windows NT, OS/2, Mac/OS, and any othersthat can support Internet access. In one exemplary embodiment, thepresent invention is implemented on a computer system operating asdiscussed herein. An exemplary computer system, computer 500 is shown inFIG. 5. The mobile device 500 a can be a communications device orcomputing device such as, e.g., a tablet personal computer (PC), ahandheld PC, a handheld running WINDOWS MOBILE for POCKET PC operatingsystem, a subnotebook PC a notebook PC, a laptop PC, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), or other device such as a desktop PC or workstation.Although mobile device 500 in an exemplary embodiment is described asmobile, the device need not be mobile, and can actually be stationary.The base device 500 b can be another mobile device, a desktop computer,or some other source of data that can be synchronized with the data onthe mobile device 500 a.

Other components of the invention, such as, e.g., a computing device, acommunications device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA),a pocket personal computer (PC), a handheld personal computer (PC),client workstations, thin clients, thick clients, proxy servers, networkcommunication servers, remote access devices, client computers, servercomputers, routers, web servers, data, media, audio, video, telephony orstreaming technology servers could also be implemented using a computersuch as that shown in FIG. 5.

The computer system 500 includes one or more processors, such asprocessor 504. The processor 504 is connected to a communicationinfrastructure 506 (e.g., a communications bus, cross-over bar, ornetwork) Various software embodiments are described in terms of thisexemplary computer system. After reading this description, it willbecome apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art(s) how toimplement the invention using other computer systems and/orarchitectures.

Computer system 500 can include a display interface 502 that forwardsgraphics, text, and other data from the communication infrastructure 506(or from a frame buffer not shown) for display on the display unit 530.

The computer system 500 also includes a main memory 508, preferablyrandom access memory (RAM), and a secondary memory 510. The secondarymemory 510 can include, for example, a hard disk drive 512 and/or aremovable storage drive 514, representing a floppy diskette drive, amagnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, a compact disk drive CD-ROM,etc. The removable storage drive 514 reads from and/or writes to aremovable storage unit 518 in a well known manner. Removable storageunit 518, also called a program storage device or a computer programproduct, represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, compactdisk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive514. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 518 includes acomputer usable storage medium having stored therein computer softwareand/or data.

In alternative exemplary embodiments, secondary memory 510 may includeother similar devices for allowing computer programs or otherinstructions to be loaded into computer system 500. Such devices mayinclude, for example, a removable storage unit 522 and an interface 520.Examples of such may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface(such as, e.g., those found in video game devices), a removable memorychip (such as, e.g., an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM),or programmable read only memory (PROM) and associated socket, and otherremovable storage units 522 and interfaces 520, which allow software anddata to be transferred from the removable storage unit 522 to computersystem 500.

Computer 500 can also include an input device such as (but not limitedto) a mouse or other pointing device such as a digitizer, and a keyboardor other data entry device (none of which are labeled).

Computer 500 can also include output devices, such as, for example,display 530, and display interface 502. Computer 500 can includeinput/output (I/O) devices such as, e.g., communications interface 524,cable 528 and communications path 526. These can include, e.g., anetwork interface card, and modems (neither are labeled). Communicationsinterface 524 allows software and data to be transferred betweencomputer system 500 and external devices. Examples of communicationsinterface 524 may include a modem, a network interface (such as, e.g.,an Ethernet card), a communications port, a Personal Computer MemoryCard International Association (PCMCIA) or PCCard-compliant slot andcard, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface524 are in the form of signals 528 which may be electronic,electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received bycommunications interface 524. These signals 528 are provided tocommunications interface 524 via a communications path (e.g., channel)526. This channel 526 carries signals 528 and may be implemented usingwire or cable, fiber optics, a telephone line, a cellular link, an radiofrequency (RF) link and other communications channels.

In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and “computerusable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as, e.g.,removable storage drive 514, a hard disk installed in hard disk drive512, and signals 528. These computer program products provide softwareto computer system 500. The invention is directed to such computerprogram products.

Computer programs (also called computer control logic), including objectoriented computer programs, are stored in main memory 508 and/or thesecondary memory 510 and/or removable storage units 514, also calledcomputer program products. Such computer programs, when executed, enablethe computer system 500 to perform the features of the present inventionas discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, whenexecuted, enable the processor 504 to perform the features of thepresent invention. Accordingly, such computer programs representcontrollers of the computer system 500.

In another exemplary embodiment, the invention is directed to a computerprogram product comprising a computer readable medium having controllogic (computer software) stored therein. The control logic, whenexecuted by the processor 504, causes the processor 504 to perform thefunctions of the invention as described herein. In another exemplaryembodiment where the invention is implemented using software, thesoftware may be stored in a computer program product and loaded intocomputer system 500 using removable storage drive 514, hard drive 512 orcommunications interface 524. The control logic (software), whenexecuted by the processor 504, causes the processor 504 to perform thefunctions of the invention as described herein.

In yet another embodiment, the invention is implemented primarily inhardware using, for example, hardware components such as applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more state machines.Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform thefunctions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in therelevant art(s).

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the invention is implemented usinga combination of both hardware and software.

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of diagram 600 illustrating anexemplary workflow process according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention. The workflow process of diagram 600 includes workflowbetween a field operator 602, a SmartData Workflow Administrator 604, a3D Lab 606, a Website 608, and a customer user 610. The workflow processof diagram 600 begins with a field operator 602 from which MIP data isuploaded to website 608 as shown in step 612. From Website 608, data isretrieved by SmartData Workflow Administrator 604 as shown in step 614.From SmartData Workflow Administrator 604, a graphical MIP log isgenerated and uploaded to client login section of the website 608 asshown in step 616. Meanwhile MIP data is appended to the database forstatistical analysis in step 618 and as shown in step 620, a start ofanalysis is requested of the 3D Lab 606. 3D Lab 606 performs statisticalanalysis in step 622. Various kinds of statistical analyses can beperformed as will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s).Processing can include, e.g., calculating means, standard deviations,Kriging, correlation analysis, interpolations, extrapolations, etc. Then3D lab 606 can generate 3D models as shown in step 624. Then 3D Lab 606can web-cast with the client customer user 610 to fine tune 3D models asshown in step 626. Then a final deliverable can be created as shown instep 628 by 3D Lab 606. Then the 3D Lab 606 can upload the deliverableto the client login section of the website 608 as shown in step 630.Then the 3D Lab 606 can provide a notification of completion toSmartData Workflow Administrator 604 as shown in step 632. Then theSmartData Workflow Administrator 604 can provide notification tocustomer user 610 of completion and availability of data on the clientlogin section of the website as shown in step 634. Finally, SmartDataWorkflow Administrator 604 can provide delivery of a hardcopy (ifapplicable) to customer user 610 as shown in step 636.

FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 700 illustrating anoverall smart data solutions architecture system process according tothe present invention. Smartdata solutions workspace 702 includesdatabase applications 712, math applications 714, 3D applications 716,and comparables database 718. The Smartdata solutions workspace 702 alsoincludes a web interface 710 for communication of information to servicepartner workspace 704, via wireless interface 710. The service partnerworkspace 704 includes smartdata software 720, strategic sponsorequipment 722, and commercial equipment 724. The Customer workspace 706can also interact with Smartdata solutions workspace 702 as representedby the bidirectional arrows indicated in diagram 700. Customer workspace706 includes risk evaluation 726, follow-on project design 728, andregulatory review 730.

FIG. 8A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 800 of anexemplary, conventional MIP data acquisition system according to thepresent invention. The exemplary MIP system of diagram 800 includes aMIP probe 810 (e.g., the MIP disclosed in the '956 patent), a MIPcontroller 802, a detector system 804 and a data acquisition module 806coupled to both the MIP controller 802 and detector system 804. The MIPprobe 810 is coupled to MIP controller 802 and detector system 804, by atrunk line and connections 808. The data acquisition module 806 takesits inputs and outputs data typically in the form of a data stream.

FIG. 8B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 810 of an improvedMIP environmental data acquisition and analysis system according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. The improved MIP systemof diagram 810 includes an enhanced MIP probe 400 coupled to MIPcontroller 802 and detector system 814, by a trunk line and connections808. The detector system 814 is enhanced to include an enhanced scanningsolutions module detector system 816 described further below withreference to FIGS. 9A and 9B. The detector system 814 and MIP controller802 are again coupled to data acquisition module 806. The output of thedata acquisition module 806 is coupled to an enhanced smart dataanalysis system 702 as shown in diagram 810. The enhanced smart dataanalysis system 702 can receive other input sensors 818, which may, ormay not be from sensors integrated into the MIP probe 812. Examples ofother sensors 818 include, e.g., laser induced fluorescence (LIF),ultraviolet induced fluorescence (UVF), polymer, and haloprobe. Theenhanced smart data analysis system 702 can also receive other inputdata sets such as, e.g., energetics (explosives) data, computer aideddesign (CAD) drawing data, ground water (GW) data (see FIG. 12B) andgeographic information systems (GIS) data.

FIG. 9A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 900, illustratingfunctionality of a conventional detection system. The detection systemof diagram 900 begins with a trunk line 808 coupling a MIP (not shown)to a dryer 914. The dryer 914 is conventionally coupled to the detector804. The detector is in turn coupled to an exhaust 916. Unfortunately,the conventional system is limited, inflexible and sequential in itsprocessing as compared to the present invention as depicted in anddescribed further below with reference to FIGS. 9B and 9C.

FIG. 9B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a high level diagram 901illustrating an enhanced scanning solutions module 816 according to thepresent invention. The enhanced scanning solutions module 816 providessuch features as, e.g., automating the detector process includingsoftware control, electronics, flow control, and pneumatic systems. Theenhanced scanning solutions module 816, in an exemplary embodiment, canprovide for operator selection, sample analysis leading to chemicalspeciation, lower detector levels, and performance with compounds notconventionally achievable. The enhanced scanning solutions module 816,in an exemplary embodiment, can receive as input the trunk line 808 withcarrier gas from the MIP 400 as shown in FIG. 8B. The enhanced scanningsolutions module 816, in an exemplary embodiment, can include severalsubsystems including one or more of, e.g., a dryer input/outputsubsystem 902; a loop input/output subsystem 904; a trap input/outputsubsystem 906; a flow rate control subsystem 908; a pressure controlsubsystem 910; and a detector selection subsystem 912.

FIG. 9C depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed level diagram 913illustrating an enhanced scanning solutions module 816 according to thepresent invention. The enhanced scanning solutions module 816 canreceive from the MIP 400, a carrier gas on trunk line 808, at the flowrate control system 908. The flow rate control system 908 can includesuch functionality as one or more of, e.g., signal processing,electrcical/pneumatic valve control, switching valves, manual modeswitch, and software controls. The flow rate control system 908 canallow custom workflow by selecting in or out particular detectionsubsystems. Exemplary subsystems can include, e.g., detector subsystem912, a bypass module 911, dryer/moisture separator subsystem 902,sampling subsystem 918, pressure control subsystem 910 and pressuresources 909, pneumatic supply subsystem 908, exhaust 916, softwarecontrol subsystem 905, and power supply 915.

The sampling subsystem 918 in an exemplary embodiment can include anyof, e.g., sample loop(s) 920, absorbent traps 922, and gaschromatographic injection ports 921. In an exemplary embodiment, thesampling subsystem can be software controlled.

To calibrate the system, in an exemplary embodiment, an optionalcalibration material such as, e.g., a tracer gas can be run through thesystem and results can be measured and analyzed, and used forcalibration, and for normalization procedures.

The detector subsystem 912, in an exemplary embodiment, can include anyof various detectors, such as, e.g., gas chromatography, infrared (IR),Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and chemical detectors.The detector subsystem can be coupled to exhaust 916, pressure controlsubsystem 910, software control system 905, as well as the flow controlsystem 908. From the output of detector 812, an input is provided toexhaust 916. From sampling module 918, an output is provided as input tosample loop 920 and concentration trap 922.

The bypass module 911 can, e.g., bypass detection.

The dryer/moisture separator subsystem 902 can be used to bring in orout the dryer and by being software controllable, can be incorporatedinto processing on an ad hoc basis, as selected by the user.

The pressure control subsystem 910 and pressure sources 909 can provideback pressure to the system. Pressure can be added to any of theprocesses including, e.g., the detector subsystem 912, a bypass module911, dryer/moisture separator subsystem 902, and sampling subsystem 918.

The pneumatic supply subsystem 908 can include, e.g., purified He or Ni,and can be used in valve control. The pneumatic supply subsystem 908 canbe software controlled. The software control system 905 can monitorpressure, and can control outlet options.

The software control subsystem 905 can provide various functionsincluding any of, e.g., timing, sequencing, valve control, monitoring,displaying data, logging data and recording data.

The power supply 915 can provide power to electrical components. In anexemplary embodiment, a 12 V DC battery supply can be used.

Using the enhanced scanning solutions module 816, a user can specify auser-directed detection process. For example, output of a concentrationtrap can be sent to detectors, or a detector on a second system such as,e.g., a chemical analysis detector. As another example, using thepresent invention, use of a dryer can be optional. Thus, as theseexamples illustrate, a user can on a ad hoc basis direct a customizeddetection process, that allows for interactive changes to the detectionprocess.

FIG. 10A depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary diagram 100illustrating a hardware system architecture according to the presentinvention. Diagram 100 includes a user 206 a at a mobile device 1002 ain communication over network 1004 to the enhanced smart data analysissystem application servers 1010 a, 1010 b to access data on database1008, via web servers 1006 a, 1006 b providing an exemplary enhancedsmart data analysis client-server system. If licensed, then user 206 acan gain access via software link 208 and browser link 210. Other usersarchiver 206 b, viewer 206 c and collector 202.

FIG. 10B depicts an exemplary embodiment of an enhanced smart dataanalysis system 702 according to the present invention. The enhanceddata analysis system 702 includes an application service provider (ASP)1010 by which a variety of users 206 a can share the use of applicationservers 1010 a, 1010 b of the ASP for a fee. An exemplary embodiment ofthe enhanced data analysis system 702 can include various subsystemmodules including, e.g., a database management system 1008 andstorage/retrieval/search query subsystem 1012; processing subsystem1014, algorithms module 1016, formatting module 1018, 3D/2Dvisualization 1020; and communications protocols 1022, web delivery1024, webcast 1026, field wireless delivery 1028, and wireless receiver1030.

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary self-containedportable sensor system 1100 according to the present invention. Asillustrated, exemplary self-contained portable sensor system 1100 caninclude wheels 1104, power supply 1102, a communications interface 1108,transceiver 1106, MIP Controller 802; Detector System 812, and enhancedscanning solutions module 816. The exemplary self-contained portablesensor system 1100 can be modular, include redundancy and faulttolerance features such as a battery backup or generator to support thepower supply 1102, is portable for ease of use in the field, and isself-contained to allow easy setup and breakdown, since minimalassembly/reassembly is required.

FIG. 12A depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of theSmart database system according to the present invention. As shown inthe diagram, raw data can be analyzed and processed to create outputsuch as, e.g., the depicted illustrative graphical renderings. Thedatabase can post for browser and/or wireless mobile deviceaccessibility various reports and deliverables.

FIG. 12B depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofoutput from the Smart database system according to the presentinvention. The upper left diagram illustrates an exemplary 3D video ofan environmental contamination site against a ground water well dataset, illustrating a combination of outside data with processed dataanalytics visualization renderings. The lower right diagram illustratesan comparison of ground water samples to continuous sensor profile data,illustrating another combination of outside data with processed dataanalytics visualization renderings.

FIG. 12C depicts a graphical user interface of a browser illustrating anexemplary embodiment of a web logon window of a Demo Corporationproviding access to the Smart database system according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 12D depicts a graphical user interface of a browser illustrating anexemplary embodiment of a web window depicting exemplary deliverablesfor a Manufacturing Facility of a Demo Corporation providing access tographical renderings on the Smart database system according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 12E depicts a graphical user interface of a browser illustrating anexemplary embodiment of a browser window depicting exemplary selectabledeliverables according to the present invention.

The exemplary embodiment of the present invention makes reference towireless networks. A brief discussion of various exemplary wirelessnetwork technologies that could be used to implement the exemplaryembodiments of the present invention now are discussed. Exemplarywireless network technology types, include, e.g., IrDA wirelesstechnology, metropolitan area and wide area wireless networkingtechnologies such as, e.g., MMDS, satellite, as well as various wirelessshort-range radio frequency (RF) technologies such as, e.g., Bluetooth,SWAP, “wireless fidelity” (Wi-Fi), IEEE std. 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, and802.11g, and ultrawideband (UWB). Of course any of various otherwireless technologies can also be used, and it should be understood thatthe examples listed are not exhaustive.

IrDA is a standard method for devices to communicate using infraredlight pulses as promulgated by the Infrared Data Association from whichthe standard gets its name. IrDA is generally the way that televisionremote controls operate. Since all remote controls use this standard, aremote from one manufacturer can control a device from anothermanufacturer. Since IrDA devices use infrared light, they depend onbeing in direct line of sight with each other. Although presentIrDA-based networks are capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4megabits per second (Mbps), the requirement for line of sight means thatan access point would be necessary in each office where a user wouldwant to synchronize, limiting the usefulness of an IRDA network in someenvironments. Bluetooth is an example of a shortrange wireless radiofrequency (RF) emerging wireless technology promising to unify severalwireless technologies for use in low power radio frequency (RF)networks. Bluetooth is not expected to replace the need for high-speeddata networks between computers. Bluetooth communicates on a frequencyof 2.45 gigahertz, which has been set aside by international agreementfor the use of industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM).

Examples of other short-range wireless RF technology include SWAP andWi-Fi. The SWAP and Wi-Fi specifications are based on the originalInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) wireless localarea network (LAN) specification, known as IEEE standard 802.11. Homeradio frequency (RF) (HomeRF) developed the Shared Wireless AccessProtocol (SWAP) wireless standard. Wireless Ethernet CompatibilityAlliance (WECA) advocates the so-called “wireless fidelity” (Wi-Fi)which is a derivative of the IEEE std. 802.11b. The original IEEE std.802.11 designated two ways of communicating between wireless LAN devicesand allowed for speeds up to 2 Mbps. Both IEEE std. 802.11 communicationmethods, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency-hoppingspread spectrum (FHSS), use frequency-shift keying (FSK) technology.Also, both DSSS and FHSS are based on spread-spectrum radio waves in the2.4-gigahertz (GHz) frequency range. Home RF's SWAP combines DECT, atime division multiple access (TDMA) voice service used to support thedelivery of isochronous data and a carrier sense multipleaccess/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) service (derived from IEEE std.802.11). WECA's Wi-Fi standard provides IEEE std. 802.11b standardwireless LAN compliant wireless communication technologies.

UWB is yet another short-range RF wireless communication system makinguse of small pulses of energy in the time domain that in the frequencydomain are spread across a very wide bandwidth and are transmitted at avery low power level that is on the order of magnitude of noise. Thepulses can be encoded to carry information by, e.g., differing thetiming of arrival of pulses in the time domain.

IV. Conclusion

While various embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it should be understood that they have been presented by way ofexample and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled inthe relevant art(s) that various changes in form and detail can be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Infact, after reading the description herein, it will be apparent to oneskilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the invention inalternative embodiments.

1. A method for end-to-end environmental data acquisition and deliverycomprising the steps of: a) acquiring a first set of environmentalsubsurface data in a first location via moveable direct reading sensors,wherein said environmental subsurface comprises an area beneath at leastone of a surface of earth, and/or a surface of a body of water, andwherein said moveable direct reading sensors are placed in saidenvironmental subsurface and said moveable direct reading sensors are indirect contact with at least one of soil, water, and/or vapor; b)geo-referencing said data; c) transmitting said data to a data analysisapplication server; d) analyzing said data to obtain information aboutsaid data; and e) using said information to select a next location foracquiring next data from said moveable direct reading sensors.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said data of step (a) comprises: one or moredata parameters.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said environmentalsubsurface data relates to at least one of chemical and/or geologicalattributes of the subsurface.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein saidmoveable direct reading sensors of step (a) comprise at least one of:direct sensing technologies; optical sensors; chemical sensors;electromechanical sensors; membrane interface probe (MIP) sensors;advanced MIP sensors; laser induced fluorescence (LIF) sensors;ultraviolet induced fluorescence (UVF) sensors; polymer sensors; and/orhaloprobe sensors.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein saidgeo-referencing of said step (b) comprises at least one of:geo-referencing in at least two dimensions; and/or geo-referencing saiddata to a specific point on the earth's surface.
 6. The method of claim5, wherein said at least two dimensions comprise at least one of:latitude, longitude, altitude, and/or time.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein said geo-referencing of said step (b) comprises: geo-referencingin at least three non-temporal dimensions.
 8. The method of claim 7,wherein said at least three non-temporal dimensions comprise at leastone of: latitude, longitude, altitude, depth and/or elevation.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said transmitting of step (c) comprises atleast one of: transmitting via a communications link; transmitting viathe Internet; and/or transmitting via a wireless communications link.10. The method of claim 1, wherein said application server of step (c)comprises: an application service provider (ASP).
 11. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said step (d) comprises at least one of: storing saiddata in a database; mining said data; calculating said information fromsaid data using an algorithm; performing visualization processing in atleast two dimensions; displaying a graphical visualization of said data;mapping said data; and/or displaying in at least one of: two-dimensionaland/or three-dimensional formats said data.
 12. The method of claim 1,wherein said step (d) comprises at least one of: refining raw data intoprocessed data; normalizing said data for variations in acquisition ofsaid data; normalizing for condition of a membrane of a membraneinterface probe (MIP); normalizing for variation of actual subsurfaceconditions including at least one of chemical concentration and/or soilwater matrix; determining relative quality efficacy data includingdetermining at least one of: pressure, flow rate, condition ofdetectors, drift, calibration, depth of probe, hydrostatic, and/orbaseline noise of analytical/electrical system; storing said data;aggregating said data into aggregate data; determining predictivemodeling using said aggregate data; assessing measure of risk using saidaggregate data; evaluating risk using said aggregate data; calculatingtotal mass of chemical compounds; calculating volume of affected soiland groundwater; calculating compound identification, calculatingremoval costs, performing sensitivity analysis, and/or comparing data ofmultiple sites.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said step ofperforming a sensitivity analysis comprises at least one of: displayingusing a “dashboard” type display; and/or providing results to at leastone of an office device, and/or a field device.
 14. The method of claim1, further comprising: f) posting said information for access byauthorized users.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said postingcomprises at least one of: posting on a website; and/or posting on asecure Internet Web site.
 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:f) transmitting said information over a network to a device.
 17. Themethod of claim 16, wherein said network comprises at least one of: awired network; and/or a wireless network.
 18. The method of claim 1,further comprising at least one of: f) aggregating said data into adatabase; g) mining said database; h) determining predictive modelingusing said aggregate data; i) assessing measure of risk using saidaggregate data; j) evaluating risk using said aggregate data; k)providing the user with relative analysis of various sites based on atleast one of: geological information, and/or contaminant conditions; andl) storing said data in a database; m) grooming data; n) comparing datato at least one of: historical data, and/or data from other sites; o)performing datamining; and/or p) ranking sites.
 19. The method of claim1, further comprising: f) transmitting said information comprising: i.transmitting said information including completed data analytics via theInteret back to source location for decision-making and process changes;and ii. transmitting said information wirelessly to a mobile device tofacilitate access via Internet protocols to said information analyzedfrom said sensor outputs.
 20. The method of claim 1, further comprisingat least one of: f) normalizing said data for variations in at least oneof: acquisition of said data, condition of membrane of a membraneinterface probe (MW), subsurface conditions including at least one ofchemical concentration and/or soil water matrix; and/or g) determiningrelative quality efficacy data including determining at least one of:pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors, drift, calibration, depthof probe, hydrostatic, and/or baseline noise of analyical/electricalsystem.
 21. The method of claim 1, wherein said geo-referencing of saidstep (b) comprises geo-referencing in time.
 22. A method for end-to-endenvironmental data acquisition and delivery comprising the steps of: a)acquiring environmental subsurface data at a location via moveabledirect reading sensors, wherein said environmental subsurface comprisesan area beneath at least one of a surface of earth, and/or a surface ofa body of water; b) geo-referencing said data in at least threenon-temporal dimensions, wherein said geo-referencing comprisesassociating said environmental subsurface data with said location; andc) transmitting said data to a data analysis application server adaptedto analyze said data to obtain information about said data.
 23. Themethod of claim 22, further comprising: receiving said information fromsaid data analysis application server.
 24. The method of claim 22,wherein said geo-referencing further comprises geo-referencing in time.25. A method for environmental subsurface data acquisition and analysiscomprising: receiving environmental subsurface data acquired at alocation via moveable direct reading sensors, wherein said environmentalsubsurface comprises an area beneath at least one of a surface of earth,and/or a surface of a body of water, and wherein said moveable directreading sensors are placed in said environmental subsurface and saidmoveable direct reading sensors are in direct contact with at least oneof soil, water, and/or vapor; receiving said location; geo-referencingsaid data by said location in at least three non-temporal dimensions;and analyzing said data to obtain information.
 26. The method of claim25, wherein said geo-referencing further comprises geo-referencing intime.